Oil invented the playbook. Tobacco refined it. Oil took it back.
·2136 words·11 mins
The intuitive chain — Bernays, then tobacco, then oil — is not the one the documents support. The institutional fake-research model originated in 1946 at the American Petroleum Institute. John Hill transferred it to the tobacco industry in December 1953. In 1998, the API restated the same purpose — for climate. The wording of 1998 and 1969 is nearly identical.