1. Core Conflict: Civil Claim vs. Criminal Charges

Since 2023, seven Dutch citizens have filed a purely civil lawsuit (Case No.: C/23/1234) against:

• Mark Rutte (former Prime Minister)
• Marion Koopmans (Virologist, ex-WHO advisor)
• Albert Bourla (Pfizer CEO)
• Bill Gates (as private individual, not representing Gates Foundation)

Allegations: Deliberate misrepresentation of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, long-term effects, and safety, causing “physical, psychological, and financial harm”.
Objective: Financial compensation (up to €500,000 per plaintiff) – not criminal prosecution.
Legal Basis: Dutch Civil Code (Art. 6:162 BW – unlawful act).